In their quest to start their own company or find new ways to increase sales and grow an existing business, entrepreneurs are increasingly turning to the prospects of network marketing (MLM). However, this concept also raises concerns due to its associations with pyramid schemes. Is MLM really a risky business model? Let's find out.

What are pyramid schemes

A pyramid scheme is an illegal business model that relies on the circulation of investments from recruited participants rather than the sale of actual goods or services. It is based on the fraudulent Ponzi scheme, invented by Italian Charles Ponzi in 1919.

Charles founded The Securities Exchange project, where investors would invest $1,000, and after 90 days, the company promised to pay $1,500. Where could a 50% profit in 3 months come from? In reality, Ponzi did not make any real deals, and the profit for existing investors was paid from the investments of new participants in the scheme. Within a year, the pyramid collapsed, but Charles managed to amass $20 million.

Recently, the number of pyramid schemes has significantly increased. According to Ponzitracker, 66 such fraudulent schemes were uncovered in 2023, which is 20% more than in 2022.

The main characteristics that distinguish pyramid schemes from other types of businesses include:

  1. Lack of real products or services - they don't offer real products, or their product has no significant value.

  2. Joining the pyramid structure requires a substantial cash contribution, which is positioned as an initial investment.

  3. Participants receive income exclusively from the cash investments of those who joined the pyramid later.

  4. Emphasis on recruiting - the main task of participants is to attract new investors to the company. The more newcomers, the higher the income of participants at the top of the pyramid.

  5. The organizers of pyramid schemes promise quick and easy enrichment, guaranteeing high returns on investment.

  6. Access to information about the company's registration and structure is limited, and there is no clear and transparent compensation plan.

  7. Financial pyramids are developing rapidly, but they exist for no more than 1-3 years. When the flow of newcomers and their investments slows down, the company cannot maintain payments to depositors, it collapses, and its members lose their money.

In most countries, pyramid schemes are prohibited by law. To avoid regulatory scrutiny and attract people, such fraudulent schemes often disguise themselves as legitimate MLM businesses. Although network marketing and pyramid schemes may appear similar in structure, their operating principles are fundamentally different.

What is network marketing

Network marketing (MLM or multi-level marketing) is a legal business model that involves promoting and selling a company's products or services through a network of independent sales representatives (distributors).

MLM is based on the principles of referral marketing, where each customer can recommend your products to their friends and acquaintances, earning rewards for their purchases. This approach ensures dynamic growth of a loyal customer base without large advertising expenses, which may not always yield the desired results.

Network marketing is actively developing in various parts of the world and enjoys widespread popularity among entrepreneurs. According to Statista, over 10,000 companies worldwide currently operate on the MLM business model, generating multimillion-dollar profits annually.

For more statistics and facts about network marketing, read our article on Trends and Statistics of the MLM Market in 2024.

The following aspects are among the characteristic features of multi-level marketing:

  1. Product as the business foundation. High-quality and high-margin products that meet the specific needs of the target audience are crucial to success.

  2. Initial investments. To join an MLM company as a partner, one often needs to purchase a starter kit of products for further resale to end consumers.

  3. Direct sales. Distributors independently sell products through personal contacts, social networks, or other channels. They are motivated to attract as many customers as possible, as their income depends on the volume of sales.

  4. Multi-level partnership structure. Distributors recruit new partners into the company, subsequently earning commissions from their sales. By building their own productive teams to increase their earnings, they ensure the growth of sales and profitability of your business.

  5. Independence from recruiting. Sales operations occur independently of the influx of new partners, meaning the company has a stable stock of products that are always available for sale.

  6. Clear income structure. Distributors earn commission percentages from their own sales, sales of recruited members, and other activity bonuses, all clearly defined by the marketing plan. The company pays its partners only for real results. Therefore, the costs for attracting customers and increasing sales are highly predictable—they will not exceed those outlined in the marketing plan.

  7. Partner training. MLM companies provide training materials and support for their partners, conduct regular training sessions where distributors share their knowledge and experience. This creates a cohesive community and promotes the rapid development of the necessary skills for successful sales and recruiting.

  8. Use of automated MLM platforms. Such platforms allow each partner to easily track their sales, team activity, and earned income. This not only simplifies the management of all processes within the company but also makes them as transparent as possible.

  9. Long-term business. MLM companies successfully develop over many years thanks to unique promotion strategies, quality products, attractive marketing plans, and reliable software solutions. For example, the globally renowned network company Amway was founded back in 1959.

Having examined the main characteristics and principles of pyramid schemes and network marketing, we have identified their key differences:

Thus, pyramid schemes are simply fraudulent systems that rely on a continuous influx of new participants and their financial contributions. In contrast, network marketing is a promising model for building a new successful MLM business, attracting numerous loyal customers, quickly scaling, and entering new markets for existing companies.

We have already shared the key stages of creating your own successful MLM company from scratch. If you are interested in implementing network marketing into your business, stay tuned for our future articles, where we will explain how to effectively integrate this model into your company's operations.